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: A thirty-year power struggle between two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet.
: Richard, Duke of York , held a strong claim to the throne through his descent from Edward III's second and fourth sons, challenging the Lancastrian line. subtitle The War of the Roses
: King Henry VI (Lancaster) was a pious but ineffective ruler who suffered from mental instability, creating a power vacuum. : A thirty-year power struggle between two branches
: Powerful nobles maintained private armies (livery and maintenance), allowing local disputes to escalate into national warfare. III. The Three Phases of War Duke of York