Power - & Interdependence

These institutions help and make cooperation more predictable.

The core of the "Power and Interdependence" framework, pioneered by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye , suggests that the traditional "Realist" view of international relations—where states are the only actors and military force is the primary currency of power—is increasingly insufficient in a globalised world. I. The Shift to Complex Interdependence Power & Interdependence

Traditional international relations often focus on "high politics" (security and survival). Keohane and Nye introduced to describe a world where: Bargaining Power In this framework, power is not

: A state's ability to adjust and find alternatives over time. If a country can easily switch to solar power when oil prices rise, it is sensitive but not highly vulnerable. Bargaining Power Bargaining Power In this framework

In this framework, power is not just about who has the biggest army. It is about —the degree to which one party depends on another. Sensitivity vs. Vulnerability

The less-dependent state often has more in negotiations.