Towards the end of the century, a group of young, Western-educated officers and intellectuals—the —emerged. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more radical modernization to prevent the total collapse of the state. Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The supreme ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
To save the state, the Ottoman government introduced a series of reforms known as the (1839–1876). Towards the end of the century, a group
During the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, once a dominant global power, faced internal decay and external pressure from European nations. This period is often referred to as the era of the "Sick Man of Europe." 1. Internal Crisis and Fragmentation To save the state, the Ottoman government introduced
: Elite infantry units that eventually became a political force hindering reform. Tanzimat : A period of reorganization and modernization. Internal Crisis and Fragmentation : Elite infantry units
: The international issue of what to do with the Ottoman Empire's land as it weakened.
Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V. V. Noskov and T. P. Andreevskaya) typically covers The Decline of the Ottoman Empire or the processes of modernization and colonial expansion in Asia.