La R谐漏volution Fran谐搂aise 鉁�
Philosophers like Rousseau and Voltaire spread ideas of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, challenging the "divine right" of kings. 2. The Early Phase (1789鈥�1791)
The revolution was triggered by a "perfect storm" of social, economic, and political factors: La r袚漏volution fran袚搂aise
Louis XVI was executed by guillotine in January 1793, followed by Queen Marie Antoinette later that year. Philosophers like Rousseau and Voltaire spread ideas of
Years of bad harvests, food shortages, and skyrocketing bread prices left the peasantry starving. Years of bad harvests, food shortages, and skyrocketing
Following the Terror, a five-man executive body called the took power but proved weak and corrupt. This instability allowed a young, successful general named Napoleon Bonaparte to seize power in a coup d'茅tat in November 1799, effectively ending the revolution and beginning the Napoleonic Era. 5. Lasting Legacy The French Revolution left a permanent mark on the world:
The concept of a modern nation-state, where citizens owe loyalty to their country rather than a king, was born.