Enzyme immobilization converts fragile catalysts into robust, reusable tools for industry, agriculture, and medicine, enhancing stability and enabling cost-effective continuous processes [1, 2, 3]. Modern techniques, including nanobiotechnology and metal-organic frameworks, are enabling breakthroughs like cleaner biofuel production, pesticide detoxification, and advanced medical biosensors [4]. Further information on enzyme immobilization techniques can be found through scientific literature.
