Electrophoresis May 2026

Small molecules move through the pores of the gel quickly, while larger molecules get tangled in the matrix and move more slowly. Over time, the molecules separate into distinct bands based on their molecular weight. Common Types

It is used to detect abnormal proteins in blood or urine, which can indicate conditions like multiple myeloma or hemoglobin disorders (e.g., sickle cell anemia).

Molecules are loaded into a porous gel, typically made of agarose (for large DNA fragments) or polyacrylamide (for smaller DNA or proteins). This gel acts as a molecular sieve. Electrophoresis

Uses narrow tubes instead of gels, allowing for high-speed separation and automation, commonly used in modern DNA sequencing. Real-World Applications

The standard method for separating DNA fragments, often used after a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to verify results. Small molecules move through the pores of the

An electrical current is applied. Since DNA and RNA are negatively charged due to their phosphate backbone, they migrate toward the positive electrode (anode).

is a fundamental laboratory technique used to separate macromolecules—specifically DNA, RNA, and proteins—based on their size and electrical charge . By applying an electric field to a buffered medium, scientists can "sort" complex biological mixtures into distinct bands, making it an indispensable tool in genetics, forensics, and clinical diagnostics. How It Works Molecules are loaded into a porous gel, typically

Electrophoresis is the backbone of several critical scientific fields: