: It was constructed on land designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) for birds, which prohibited such large-scale urbanization.
: Perpetrators (promoters, builders, or professionals) can face 1 to 4 years in prison. : It was constructed on land designated as
This 411-room hotel, built 14 meters from the sea inside a natural park, remains a primary symbol of illegal coastal development. Despite being declared illegal years ago, complex legal battles over expropriation and demolition costs continued through 2022 and beyond. Despite being declared illegal years ago, complex legal
: Courts can order the demolition of illegal works at the owner's expense to restore the land to its original state. The court ordered the complete demolition of the
In 2022, a major ruling by the brought national attention back to the issue of illegal construction on the coast. The court ordered the complete demolition of the Isla de Valdecañas luxury resort in Extremadura, which had been built illegally on a protected Natura 2000 network site. The Isla de Valdecañas Case (2022)
: After 14 years of litigation, the Supreme Court overturned a previous lower court decision that would have allowed the existing buildings to stay. The 2022 ruling mandated that even the already-completed structures must be torn down to restore the ecosystem. Broader Context of Coastal Protection (2022)
: Passed in September 2022, this revolutionary law granted legal personality to the Mar Menor lagoon and its basin. It was the first time an ecosystem in Europe was recognized as a subject of rights, giving it the legal standing to "exist as an ecosystem and evolve naturally".